Table of Contents
Introduction
Hydraulics stands termed as the pressure of fluids. Hydraulic science depends on the properties of the confined liquid, as the contained liquid is incompressible and influenced by the pressure that distributes pressure on the liquid regularly, resulting in the transfer of a small force from the surface of a small piston data and turning it into a significant influence on the surface of a large piston, or vice versa.
Features of Hydraulic System
Turn simple power into a more significant force or vice versa. Control systems with high accuracy. Stability of torque and power in the hydraulic system. Safety and protection systems in high hydraulic systems. Get high capacity compared to the weight of the system. Hydraulic oil lubricates and lubricates machines which prevents corrosion and damage.
Hydraulic System Defects
Oil leakage leads to a large area of oil being soiled. The oil is exposed to impurities, which governs a high filtering system. The cost of a hydraulic system is high compared to mechanical systems, and maintaining it is also high.
How Hydraulic Power Works
Suppose we have a closed system of a u-shaped tube, and this tube has two openings at the end. The tube is filled with a certain liquid, for example, water, and one limb is strongly affected.
In that case, we note that the water is starting to come out of the other end because the liquid is not compressible, causing the distribution of the force that we have influenced the entire tube and pushing water from the other end.
If the tube has two holes in different diameters, and the effect is more substantial on end with the larger diameter, the force pushes the liquid less firmly. Still, the speed that drives the liquid is higher than the flow of fluid in the first hole; the liquid rises higher than the other end. If the tube is strongly influenced from the smaller diameter side, we note that the speed of the rush of water is lower.
Still, the force is higher at the second end, but the pressure remains constant. In the second case, the party doubled at a rate commensurate with the increase in the diameter. In the first case, the pressure decreased at a rate proportional to the decrease in the country, which is the basis of the work of hydraulic systems.
Summary of the Principle of Hydraulic System
Functioning inability to compress liquid. The pressure that affects the liquid is evenly distributed and remains constant. The force moves from one point to another. Because the pressure of the fluid remains constant. The small party with which we affect things can be multiplied many times if the diameter is increased to the other end.
The significant force can be reduced if the diameter is reduced or, more generally, not the diameter but the area because the pressure is defined as the energy that affects the space unit. In practical applications, the liquid, usual oil, is compressed by an engine, moving through a pump to squeeze the grease inside, and the effect moves through the pipes to motors that drive the required parts or change direction as needed.
Hydraulic System Components
Engine: a tool to operate and move the pump; the engine may be an electrically or internally burned engine.
Pumps
Are responsible for hydraulic oil pressure, and the system may have several pumps such as engine pumps: located at the bottom of the engine mounted by a pipe on the gear tooth. The pumps produce hydraulic power from the energy generated inside the machine.
And there are buttons to turn it on and off as needed. Air engine pumps: pumps mounted at the top of the engine run through the air from the machine that enters the pump to compress the oil inside and turn the kinetic energy into hydraulic energy.
Filters
In each hydraulic system, there are two types of filters, the first pressure pump filters are located behind the pressure pump. And the second is the backline filters.
So, filters are essential for the purification of impurities, as the accumulation of pollutants in the oil leads to damage to the entire hydraulic system and the corrosion of the parts of the machine and the inability of the oil to produce the necessary force to complete the required work.
Pipes: there are two conduits: pipes for compressed hydraulic oil and pipes for the return line.
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Tank
Hydraulic oil is stored in this tank; it should be monitored to see how much oil is in it and not less than a certain level. Hydraulic oil: a special oil that is highly pressed. Without overheating or evaporating, heavy with a strong smell, stirring the skin.
Sensors
They are devices that send signals that help workers know the state of the system in general, so at each point in the design, there is a sensor that measures temperature and pressure. And in the tank, there is a sensor that helps to know the amount of oil.
Meters: sensor accompaniment tools help to transmit the sensor signal and turn it into an easy-to-understand reading, so the responsible or technical engineer can know the amount of oil inside the tank by reading the meter. And the meters show reading the pressure and heat in the engine, pump and others.
